Effects of software-based cognitive bias modification on stress, anxiety, and depression disorders among patients in methadone maintenance treatment: a randomized clinical trial

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Adult Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

2 Department of Adult Health Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

Objectives: Opioid abuse is one of the most critical problems today, and individuals struggling with this issue often experience stress, anxiety, and depression disorders. This study aimed to investigate the effects of software-based cognitive bias modification on stress, anxiety, and depression disorders among patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment.
Methods: This double-blind clinical trial was conducted in 2022. Eighty-four participants were selected through convenience sampling from individuals undergoing methadone maintenance treatment for opioid abuse at an addiction treatment center in Isfahan city. They were then randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n=42) or the control group (n=42). The intervention involved a four-week program utilizing software-based cognitive bias modification through the dot-probe task, with two sessions per week. Participants in both groups completed DASS21 questionnaires before, immediately after, and two months following the intervention.
Results: The repeated-measures ANOVA test revealed statistically significant differences in the mean scores of stress (P<0.001), anxiety (P<0.001), and depression (P<0.001) disorders in the intervention group before, immediately after, and two months post-intervention.
Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that software-based cognitive bias modification can lead to a reduction in stress, anxiety, and depression disorders among patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment. Therefore, incorporating this program alongside other treatment methods for individuals in methadone maintenance treatment is recommended.

Highlights

Meysam Rezazadeh [Pubmed] [Google Scholar]

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Rafiemanesh H, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Haghdoost AA, Noroozi A, Gholami J, Vahdani B, et al. Opium dependence and the potential impact of changes in treatment coverage level: A dynamic modeling study. Health Promot Perspect 2021; 11 (2): 240-9. doi:10.34172/hpp.2021.29 PMid:34195048 PMCid:PMC8233677
  2. Opioid overdose World Health Organization: World Health Organization; 2021 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/opioid-overdose.
  3. Opioid Addiction2020 2021, December 28. Available from: https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/principles-drug-addiction-treatment-research-based-guide-third-edition/evidence-based-approaches-to-drug-addiction-treatment/pharmacotherapies/opioid.
  4. Substance A, Mental Health Services A, Office of the Surgeon G. Reports of the Surgeon General. Facing Addiction in America: The Surgeon General's Report on Alcohol, Drugs, and Health. Washington (DC): US Department of Health and Human Services; 2016.
  5. Mirzaei M. Comparison of the effects of emotional intelligence training and yoga exercises on the social anxiety of women with depression. Novel Clin Med. 2023;2(2):82-91. doi: 10.22034/ncm.2023.394935.1082
  6. Mohammadi M, Kazeminia M, Abdoli N, Khaledipaveh B, Shohaimi S, Salari N, et al. The effect of methadone on depression among addicts: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2020;18(1):373. doi:10.1186/s12955-020-01599-3 PMid:33225933 PMCid:PMC7681984
  7. Mohamed II, Ahmad HEK, Hassaan SH, Hassan SM. Assessment of anxiety and depression among substance use disorder patients: a case-control study. Middle East Curr Psychiatry 2020;27(1):22. doi:10.1186/s43045-020-00029-w
  8. Iqbal MN, Levin CJ, Levin FR. Treatment for substance use disorder with co-occurring mental illness. FOCUS, J Am Psychiatric Assoc. 2019;17(2):88-97. doi:10.1176/appi.focus.20180042 PMid:31975963 PMCid:PMC6526999
  9. Brady KT, Haynes LF, Hartwell KJ, Killeen TK. Substance use disorders and anxiety: a treatment challenge for social workers. Soc Work Public Health 2013;28(3-4):407-23. doi:10.1080/19371918.2013.774675 PMid:23731428 PMCid:PMC3775646
  10. Nowrouzi A, Hamid N, Beshlideh K, Marashy SA. The effectiveness of attentional bias modification on attentional bias, pre-attentional bias and craving in abstinent addicts. Adv Cogn Sci 2020;21(4):12-22. doi:10.30699/icss.21.4.12
  11. Boffo M, Zerhouni O, Gronau QF, van Beek RJJ, Nikolaou K, Marsman M, et al. Cognitive Bias Modification for Behavior Change in Alcohol and Smoking Addiction: Bayesian Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data. Neuropsychol Rev 2019; 29(1):52-78. doi:10.1007/s11065-018-9386-4 PMid:30644025 PMCid:PMC6499757
  12. Blanco F. Cognitive Bias. In: Vonk J, Shackelford T, editors. Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2017. p. 1-7. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_1244-1 PMCid:PMC5751048
  13. Khodadadi arkavini S, Khodadadi M, Davoodi H. A Review of Cognitive Therapy for Mental Disorders Based on Bias Modification. Neurosci J Shefaye Khatam 2021;9(3):140-50. doi:10.52547/shefa.9.3.140
  14. de Wit S. Chapter 15 - The Balance Between Goal-Directed and Habitual Action Control in Disorders of Compulsivity. In: Morris R, Bornstein A, Shenhav A, editors. Goal-Directed Decision Making: Academic Press; 2018. p. 331-65. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-812098-9.00015-2
  15. Zhang MW, Smith HE. Cognitive Bias Modification for Addictive Disorders: Emerging Knowledge and Persistent Gaps. Psychiatry Int 2020;1(2):75-82. doi:10.3390/psychiatryint1020009
  16. MacLean RR, Sofuoglu M, Brede E, Robinson C, Waters AJ. Attentional bias in opioid users: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018;191:270-8. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.07.012 PMid:30157467
  17. Khodadadi Arkavini S, Khodadadi M, Davoodi H. Development of a Treatment Protocol based on Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) and Examination of its Effects on Cognitive Bias, Intimacy, and Adjustment of Maladjusted Couples. J Res Behav Sci 2021;19(1):84-94. doi:10.52547/rbs.19.1.84
  18. Mohsenpourian K, Nokani M, Jamilian H, Ghasemi M. Comparing Attention Bias Modification With Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. J Arak Unive Med Sci 2019;22(4):76-85. doi:10.32598/JAMS.22.4.70
  19. Clerkin EM, Magee JC, Wells TT, Beard C, Barnett NP. Randomized controlled trial of attention bias modification in a racially diverse, socially anxious, alcohol dependent sample. Behav Res Ther 2016;87:58-69. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2016.08.010 PMid:27591918 PMCid:PMC5127758
  20. Seghatoleslam T, Rezaee O, Aghighi K. The effect of cognitive-behavior therapy on decreasing depression among patients with substance abuse, 2000-2001. J Ardabil Unive Med Sci 2003; 3(2):33-8
  21. pirnia B, Mansour S, Najafi E, Reyhani R. Effectiveness of Well Being Therapy on Symptoms of Anxiety, Stress and Depression in Men on Therapeutic-Community. Commun Health J 2016;10 (4):47-56.
  22. Moeenizadeh M, Zarif H. The Efficacy of Well-Being Therapy for Depression in Infertile Women. Int J Fertil Steril 2017;10(4):363-70.
  23. Mirzaei M, Yasini Ardekani SM, Mirzaei M, A. D. Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Adult Population: Results of Yazd Health Study. Iranian J Psychiatry 2019;14(2). doi:10.18502/ijps.v14i2.993 PMid:31440295 PMCid:PMC6702282
  24. Arkavini S, Khodadadi M, Davoodi H. Development of a Treatment Protocol based on Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) and Examination of its Effects on Cognitive Bias, Intimacy, and Adjustment of Maladjusted Couples. J Res Behav Sci 2021;19(1). doi:10.52547/rbs.19.1.84
  25. Nowrouzi A, Taghavi MR. Smokers' Attentional Bias Modification: Effect of Operant Conditioning. J Clin Psychol 2014; 6(3)
  26. Zhang M, Smith HE. Challenges When Evaluating Cognitive Bias Modification Interventions for Substance Use Disorder. International J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17. doi:10.3390/ijerph17217821 PMid:33114579 PMCid:PMC7662791
  27. Gober CD, Lazarov A, Bar-Haim Y. From cognitive targets to symptom reduction: overview of attention and interpretation bias modification research. Evid Based Men Health 2020;24:42 - 6. doi:10.1136/ebmental-2020-300216 PMid:33246935 PMCid:PMC10231632
  28. Ghaffari A, Mousavi-Nasab SMH, Fazilatpour M. Comparison of the Effectiveness of Attentional Bias Modification, Approach Bias Modification and their Combination on Cognitive Bias and Relapse in Methamphetamine Abusers. Int J Behav Sci 2021;14: 217-24.
  29. Kuckertz JM, Amir N. Cognitive bias modification. Handbook of cognitive behavioral therapy: Overview and approaches (Vol 1) 2021.
International Archives of Health Sciences
Volume 11, Issue 2
April 2024
Pages 93-99

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 23 December 2023
  • Revise Date: 13 February 2024
  • Accept Date: 19 February 2024

Share

How to cite

Statistics